In today’s world, information technology innovation is changing rapidly, and mankind has entered the era of digitalization, networking and intelligence, promoting the development of deep space exploration activities on a larger scale. In addition, the increasingly severe global environmental pollution, resource shortage, ecological crisis and other issues, prompting human beings to find and create a “second home”. To this end, the United States, China, Russia, the European Union and other countries and institutions have successively developed the concept such as lunar orbit space stations, lunar villages, and Mars bases, and actively promoted a series of deep space exploration plans. This paper reviews the development process and research progress of celestial body scientific research bases, discusses the technical fields and core tasks involved, and puts forward the development suggestions in China.